harsh

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英 { "us": "", "uk": "" }
数据源: ai_enrichment
harsh 是一个形容词,指事物粗糙、刺耳或严厉苛刻,常用于描述环境、声音或批评。

用法要点

句型搭配

harsh 常与 be 动词连用,构成 be harsh on/to sb/sth 结构,表示对某人或某物严厉;也可用于修饰名词,如 harsh conditions。

• be harsh on someone
• harsh criticism
• harsh environment

介词用法

harsh 后常接介词 on 或 to,表示对某人或某事的严厉态度,如 harsh on children;在描述环境时,可省略介词,直接修饰名词。

• harsh on the skin
• harsh to the ears
• harsh treatment

语域说明

harsh 在正式和非正式语境中都常用,但在学术或商务场景中更倾向于描述客观条件或严厉批评,日常对话中多指感官体验或态度。

• harsh reality
• harsh words
• harsh winter

基础例句

The teacher's feedback was too harsh, making the student feel discouraged.

老师的反馈太严厉了,让学生感到气馁。

This fabric feels harsh against my skin, so I prefer softer materials.

这种布料摸起来很粗糙,所以我更喜欢柔软的材料。

The harsh sound of the alarm woke me up abruptly this morning.

今天早上刺耳的闹钟声突然把我吵醒了。

Don't be so harsh on yourself; everyone makes mistakes sometimes.

别对自己太苛刻了,每个人都会偶尔犯错。

高级例句

The company faced harsh economic conditions, leading to significant restructuring.

公司面临严峻的经济条件,导致大规模重组。

In the report, the analyst provided harsh criticism of the government's environmental policies.

在报告中,分析师对政府的环保政策提出了严厉批评。

The harsh penalties for data breaches are designed to deter corporate misconduct.

对数据泄露的严厉处罚旨在遏制企业不当行为。

Researchers noted the harsh effects of climate change on Arctic ecosystems.

研究人员指出了气候变化对北极生态系统的严重影响。

高频搭配

verb

sound harshseem harshbecome harshconsider harshdescribe as harsh

adjective

harsh conditionsharsh criticismharsh realityharsh environmentharsh treatment

noun

harshness of the climateharshness in toneharshness of the punishment

adverb

extremely harshunnecessarily harshsurprisingly harshincreasingly harsh

preposition

harsh on someoneharsh to the touchharsh in judgment

phrase

harsh but fairharsh wordsharsh lightharsh winter

常见错误

❌ 错误:He is harsh to say that.
✓ 正确:He is harsh in saying that.

错误在于介词使用不当。harsh 后接行为时应用 in 表示在某个方面严厉,而不是 to。

❌ 错误:The weather is harsh today.
✓ 正确:The weather is harsh today (if extreme), or use 'severe' for clarity.

harsh 可描述天气,但可能不够具体;在中文学习者中,易误用于普通坏天气,而 harsh 更强调极端或令人不适的条件,如 harsh winter。

近义词辨析

severe

severe 更强调严重性或严格性,常用于正式语境描述问题或惩罚,而 harsh 更侧重粗糙、刺耳或苛刻的主观感受。

The judge imposed a severe sentence. (强调严格) vs. The judge's comments were harsh. (强调苛刻)

rough

rough 主要描述表面不光滑或行为粗鲁,而 harsh 可指感官上的刺耳或态度上的严厉,含义更广。

The road is rough. (表面不平) vs. The sound is harsh. (刺耳)