词汇对比与辨析

核心差别

harsh 强调harsh 是一个形容词,severe 则侧重severe 是一个形容词

使用场景对比

对比方面harshsevere
核心含义harsh 是一个形容词,指事物粗糙、刺耳或严厉苛刻,常用于描述环境、声音或批评。severe 是一个形容词,指程度或性质非常强烈、严格或严重,常用于描述天气、疾病、批评或规则等。
词性形容词形容词
使用语域harsh 常与 be 动词连用,构成 be harsh on/to sb/sth 结构,表示对某人或某物严厉;也可用于修饰名词,如 harsh conditions。severe 常与 be 动词连用,构成 be severe 结构,表示状态或性质;也可用于比较级和最高级形式,如 more severe 或 the most severe。

对比例句

harsh

The teacher's feedback was too harsh, making the student feel discouraged.

老师的反馈太严厉了,让学生感到气馁。

harsh

This fabric feels harsh against my skin, so I prefer softer materials.

这种布料摸起来很粗糙,所以我更喜欢柔软的材料。

severe

The weather forecast predicts severe storms tonight, so stay indoors.

天气预报预测今晚有严重风暴,所以请待在室内。

severe

My headache is getting severe; I need to take some medicine.

我的头痛越来越严重了,我需要吃点药。

常见误用提醒

使用 harsh:He is harsh to say that. → He is harsh in saying that. (错误在于介词使用不当。harsh 后接行为时应用 in 表示在某个方面严厉,而不是 to。)

使用 harsh:The weather is harsh today. → The weather is harsh today (if extreme), or use 'severe' for clarity. (harsh 可描述天气,但可能不够具体;在中文学习者中,易误用于普通坏天气,而 harsh 更强调极端或令人不适的条件,如 harsh winter。)

使用 severe:He has a severe cold, so he can't go to school. → He has a bad cold, so he can't go to school. (severe 通常用于描述更严重或极端的情况,如 severe illness(重病),而普通感冒常用 bad 或 heavy。这里用 severe 可能夸大病情,建议用更常见的表达。)