willfulness
用法要点
句型搭配
常用于描述人或行为，如“show willfulness”表示表现出任性，或“due to willfulness”表示由于故意。
介词用法
常与介词“with”连用，表示伴随状态，如“with willfulness”意为“故意地”；也可用“of”表示属性，如“willfulness of character”。
语域说明
多用于正式或书面语境，如法律、心理学或教育领域，描述负面行为；日常口语中较少使用，可能用“stubbornness”或“defiance”替代。
基础例句
Her willfulness often leads to arguments with her parents.
她的任性经常导致她和父母争吵。
He acted with willfulness, ignoring all the warnings.
他故意行事，无视所有警告。
The child's willfulness made it hard to teach him manners.
这个孩子的任性让他很难学会礼貌。
She showed sheer willfulness by refusing to apologize.
她拒绝道歉，表现出纯粹的固执。
高级例句
In legal terms, willfulness can imply intent to violate a regulation.
在法律术语中，故意行为可能意味着有意违反规定。
The study examined the correlation between childhood willfulness and adult defiance.
这项研究探讨了童年任性与成年违抗行为之间的相关性。
Management addressed the employee's willfulness as a breach of company policy.
管理层将员工的故意行为视为违反公司政策。
Psychological assessments often consider willfulness as a factor in behavioral disorders.
心理评估通常将任性视为行为障碍的一个因素。
高频搭配
verb
adjective
noun
adverb
preposition
phrase
常见错误
错误：'willfulness' 强调负面固执，不用于积极决心。正确：'will' 表示意志或决心，更中性积极。
错误：'willfulness' 常带负面含义，与 'happiness' 搭配不自然。正确：用 'deliberately' 表示故意，更准确。
近义词辨析
stubbornness
'stubbornness' 更强调固执不改变，中性或略负面；'willfulness' 更强调故意违抗或任性，常带负面法律或道德含义。
His stubbornness made him refuse help, but his willfulness led him to break the rules on purpose.
defiance
'defiance' 强调公开反抗或挑战权威；'willfulness' 更侧重个人任性或故意行为，不一定涉及对抗他人。
Her defiance was directed at the teacher, while her willfulness showed in ignoring all advice.