virus

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数据源: ai_enrichment
病毒是一种微小的感染性病原体,只能在活细胞内复制,可导致动植物疾病,也比喻有害思想或事物。

用法要点

句型搭配

virus 常与动词 spread、contract、transmit 等连用,描述病毒的传播或感染过程;也可与形容词 deadly、new、computer 等搭配,修饰病毒特性。

• spread a virus
• contract a virus
• a deadly virus

介词用法

virus 后常接介词 of 表示所属或类型,如 virus of influenza;在计算机语境中,常与 on 或 in 连用,表示病毒存在于系统或文件中。

• virus of the common cold
• a virus on my computer
• infected with a virus

语域说明

virus 在医学和生物学中为专业术语,指生物病毒;在计算机领域指恶意软件;在比喻用法中可指有害影响,如 social virus。日常对话中多指疾病或电脑问题。

• biological virus
• computer virus
• a virus of misinformation

基础例句

I think I caught a virus from my coworker, so I'm staying home today.

我觉得我从同事那里感染了病毒,所以今天待在家里。

Make sure to install antivirus software to protect your computer from viruses.

务必安装杀毒软件,以保护你的电脑免受病毒侵害。

The flu virus spreads quickly in crowded places like schools.

流感病毒在学校等拥挤场所传播得很快。

She recovered from the virus after a week of rest and medication.

经过一周的休息和服药,她从病毒感染中康复了。

高级例句

Researchers are studying the mutation rate of the virus to develop effective vaccines.

研究人员正在研究病毒的突变率,以开发有效的疫苗。

The company's network was compromised by a sophisticated virus, leading to data loss.

公司的网络被一种复杂的病毒入侵,导致数据丢失。

Public health measures aim to contain the virus and prevent community transmission.

公共卫生措施旨在遏制病毒并防止社区传播。

In virology, a virus is defined as an acellular entity that replicates only inside host cells.

在病毒学中,病毒被定义为一种只能在宿主细胞内复制的非细胞实体。

高频搭配

verb

spread a viruscontract a virustransmit a virusfight a virusdetect a virus

adjective

deadly virusnew viruscomputer virusrespiratory virusviral virus (redundant, avoid)

noun

virus infectionvirus strainvirus outbreakvirus protectionvirus scanner

adverb

highly contagious virusrapidly spreading viruseasily transmitted virus

preposition

virus of influenzavirus in the systemvirus on the networkinfected with a virus

phrase

catch a virusimmune to a virusoutbreak of a virusspread like a virus

常见错误

❌ 错误:I have a viral.
✓ 正确:I have a virus.

viral 是形容词,意为“病毒的”,不能直接作名词使用;应使用名词 virus 表示“病毒”本身。

❌ 错误:The virus is very poison.
✓ 正确:The virus is very poisonous.

poison 是名词,意为“毒药”;这里应用形容词 poisonous 来描述病毒的有害特性,意为“有毒的”。

近义词辨析

bacteria

bacteria 是细菌,为单细胞微生物,可独立生存,有些有益;virus 是病毒,更小,必须寄生在活细胞内复制,通常有害。

Antibiotics treat bacterial infections, but are ineffective against viruses like the flu.

germ

germ 是微生物的通俗说法,泛指细菌、病毒等病原体,非专业术语;virus 特指病毒,在科学和医学中更精确。

Wash your hands to avoid germs, but specific tests are needed to identify a virus.