punitive

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数据源: ai_enrichment
punitive 是一个形容词,指与惩罚或刑罚相关的,常用于描述旨在施加惩罚的行为、措施或法律。

用法要点

句型搭配

punitive 通常用作定语形容词,修饰名词如措施、法律、行动等,表示这些事物具有惩罚性质。

• punitive measures
• punitive laws
• punitive action

介词用法

punitive 常与介词 against 连用,表示针对某人或某事的惩罚性措施,强调惩罚的对象。

• punitive measures against offenders
• punitive actions against the company

语域说明

punitive 多用于正式或法律语境,如新闻报道、学术论文、商务文件,描述政府、机构或法律的惩罚性行为,日常口语中较少使用。

• punitive tariffs in trade disputes
• punitive damages in court cases

基础例句

The teacher gave him a punitive assignment for not doing his homework.

老师因为他没做作业,给了他一个惩罚性的任务。

The company faced punitive fines for violating environmental regulations.

这家公司因违反环保规定而面临惩罚性罚款。

She received a punitive response from her boss after missing the deadline.

她错过截止日期后,收到了老板的惩罚性回应。

高级例句

The government imposed punitive tariffs on imported goods to protect domestic industries.

政府对进口商品征收惩罚性关税,以保护国内产业。

In the lawsuit, the court awarded punitive damages to deter future misconduct.

在诉讼中,法院判给惩罚性赔偿金,以阻止未来的不当行为。

The new policy includes punitive measures against companies that fail to meet safety standards.

新政策包含针对未能达到安全标准的公司的惩罚性措施。

高频搭配

verb

impose punitive measuresface punitive actionlevy punitive tariffs

adjective

severe punitiveharsh punitiveexcessive punitive

noun

punitive damagespunitive expeditionpunitive justice

adverb

highly punitiveexcessively punitiveunnecessarily punitive

preposition

punitive againstpunitive forpunitive in response to

phrase

take punitive actionunder punitive measuresas a punitive step

常见错误

❌ 错误:He got a punitive for his mistake.
✓ 正确:He faced punitive action for his mistake.

punitive 是形容词,不能直接用作名词。应使用名词短语如 punitive action 或 punitive measures 来表示惩罚性的事物。

❌ 错误:The punishment was very punitive.
✓ 正确:The punishment was severe.

punitive 本身已含有惩罚的意思,与 punishment 连用可能显得冗余。在描述惩罚的严厉程度时,使用 severe 或 harsh 更自然。

近义词辨析

penal

penal 更侧重于法律或制度上的刑罚,常与监狱、刑法等相关,而 punitive 更广泛地指任何旨在惩罚的行为或措施,不一定限于法律范畴。

The penal system focuses on rehabilitation, while punitive actions aim to deter through punishment.

retributive

retributive 强调报复或应得的惩罚,常基于正义观念,而 punitive 更中性,泛指施加惩罚的行为,可能用于教育、商业等多种语境。

Retributive justice seeks eye-for-an-eye punishment, whereas punitive measures can be preventive or corrective.