phrenological

美 .frenә'lɒdʒikl
英 .frenә'lɒdʒikl
数据源: static_word_details
形容词,意为“颅相学的”,指通过观察头骨形状来推测性格或智力特征的科学。
形容词

用法要点

描述伪科学理论

该词常用于描述一种已被现代科学界摒弃的伪科学理论,即认为大脑不同区域对应特定性格特质,且可通过头骨凸起判断。

• The phrenological theory claimed that personality traits could be determined by the shape of the skull.
• Many 19th-century scientists believed in phrenological methods to assess criminal tendencies.

修饰相关名词

常作为定语修饰与颅相学相关的工具、理论或实践,如仪器、图表等。

• The museum displayed a collection of phrenological instruments used in the Victorian era.
• Phrenological charts were popular among fortune tellers and self-help authors.

历史语境中的使用

多用于历史讨论,描述 19 世纪至 20 世纪初的心理学或医学背景下的特定现象。

• Phrenological societies once flourished in Europe and America before being discredited.
• The phrenological movement influenced early ideas about brain function.

基础例句

Phrenological readings were once popular in the United States.

颅相学解读曾在美国非常流行。

The phrenological instrument was used to measure skull bumps.

这种颅相学仪器用于测量头骨凸起。

Many people believed in phrenological predictions about their future.

许多人相信颅相学对未来命运的预测。

高级例句

Critics argued that the phrenological approach lacked empirical evidence and scientific rigor.

批评者指出,颅相学方法缺乏实证依据和科学严谨性。

The decline of phrenological societies coincided with the rise of modern neuroscience.

颅相学会的衰落与现代神经科学的兴起同步发生。

Although discredited, phrenological ideas persisted in popular culture for decades.

尽管已被证伪,颅相学的思想在流行文化中持续了数十年。

高频搭配

noun

phrenological theoryphrenological practicephrenological instrumentphrenological chartphrenological museum

adjective

phrenological approachphrenological beliefphrenological methodphrenological science

verb

practice phrenologystudy phrenologypromote phrenology

preposition

based on phrenologyaccording to phrenologythrough phrenology

常见错误

❌ 错误:The phrenology is a valid scientific method.
✓ 正确:Phrenology is considered a pseudoscience by modern standards.

颅相学在现代科学标准下被视为伪科学,不应使用'valid scientific method'(有效的科学方法)来描述。

❌ 错误:He studied phrenological psychology.
✓ 正确:He studied phrenology as a historical practice.

'Phrenological psychology' 不是标准搭配,应直接说研究颅相学这一历史实践。

近义词辨析

physiognomical

physiognomical 更侧重于通过面部特征判断性格,而 phrenological 特指通过头骨形状判断。

Physiognomical analysis focused on facial expressions, whereas phrenological readings examined skull contours.

psychometric

psychometric 涉及心理测量工具(如 IQ 测试),而 phrenological 是一种过时的、非科学的理论。

Modern psychometric tests are based on statistical data, unlike the unscientific phrenological claims.