penal

美 { "us": "", "uk": "" }
英 { "us": "", "uk": "" }
数据源: ai_enrichment
形容词,指与处罚、刑罚或刑法相关的,也可用于形容繁重或严厉的(如税收)。

用法要点

句型搭配

常用于修饰名词,如法律、制度、措施等,表示与刑罚或处罚相关。

• penal code
• penal system
• penal measures

介词用法

常与介词“for”连用,表示因某种行为而受到处罚,或与“in”连用表示在刑罚领域。

• penal for tax evasion
• penal in nature
• penal under the law

语域说明

多用于正式或法律语境,如法律文件、学术讨论或新闻报道,日常口语中较少使用。

• penal legislation
• penal reform
• penal policy

基础例句

The new law introduces stricter penal measures for drunk driving.

新法律对酒驾引入了更严格的处罚措施。

He was worried about the penal consequences of his actions.

他担心自己行为会带来刑罚后果。

The tax system can be quite penal for small businesses.

税收制度对小企业来说可能相当繁重。

高级例句

The study analyzes the impact of penal reform on recidivism rates in European countries.

这项研究分析了刑罚改革对欧洲国家再犯罪率的影响。

In the contract, there are penal clauses for late delivery, which may incur significant fines.

合同中包含对延迟交货的惩罚性条款,可能导致高额罚款。

The government is reviewing the penal code to align it with international human rights standards.

政府正在审查刑法典,以使其符合国际人权标准。

高频搭配

verb

impose penalface penalenforce penalabolish penalreform penal

adjective

strict penalharsh penalsevere penallenient penalmodern penal

noun

penal codepenal systempenal lawpenal colonypenal institution

adverb

highly penalexcessively penalunfairly penallegally penal

preposition

penal forpenal inpenal underpenal with

phrase

penal servitudepenal jurisdictionpenal procedurepenal sanction

常见错误

❌ 错误:He received a penal for speeding.
✓ 正确:He received a penalty for speeding.

“penal”是形容词,不能直接用作名词表示“处罚”;应使用名词“penalty”或“punishment”。

❌ 错误:This is a penal action.
✓ 正确:This is a punitive action.

“penal”通常修饰法律或制度相关名词(如code, system),而“punitive”更常用于描述具体行动或措施,表示惩罚性的。

近义词辨析

punitive

“punitive”强调施加惩罚以作为报复或威慑,常用于具体行动(如罚款、制裁),而“penal”更侧重于与刑法或刑罚制度相关的正式语境。

The company faced punitive damages for negligence. (强调具体惩罚) vs. The penal system needs reform. (强调法律制度)

criminal

“criminal”泛指与犯罪或罪犯相关的,范围更广(如criminal behavior, criminal law),而“penal”特指处罚或刑罚方面,尤其在法律术语中更精确。

Criminal law covers a wide range of offenses. (泛指犯罪法律) vs. The penal code specifies punishments for each crime. (特指刑罚规定)