词汇对比与辨析
核心差别
foolhardiness 强调指不顾危险或后果的鲁莽行为，rashness 则侧重指行为或决策上的轻率、鲁莽
使用场景对比
| 对比方面 | foolhardiness | rashness |
|---|---|---|
| 核心含义 | 指不顾危险或后果的鲁莽行为，强调有勇无谋的愚蠢冒险。 | 指行为或决策上的轻率、鲁莽，缺乏深思熟虑和谨慎考虑，常导致不良后果。 |
| 词性 | 名词 | 名词 |
| 使用语域 | 通常用作不可数名词，常与动词如show、demonstrate、criticize等搭配，描述行为或态度。 | rashness 常与表示批评或后果的动词连用，如 criticize、regret、lead to 等，用于描述行为的不当性。 |
对比例句
His foolhardiness in climbing the mountain without proper gear almost cost him his life.
他不用合适装备就爬山的鲁莽行为差点让他丧命。
We warned him about the risks, but he proceeded with foolhardiness anyway.
我们警告过他风险，但他还是鲁莽地继续了。
His rashness in quitting his job without a backup plan left him in a tough spot.
他轻率地辞职而没有备用计划，让自己陷入了困境。
I regret the rashness of my words during the argument yesterday.
我后悔昨天争吵时说话太轻率了。
常见误用提醒
使用 foolhardiness：He has a foolhardiness to try new things. → He shows foolhardiness in trying new things without planning. (foolhardiness是不可数名词，不能与不定冠词a连用；应用动词如show搭配，并补充具体行为以更准确。)
使用 foolhardiness：Foolhardiness means brave. → Foolhardiness means reckless bravery without regard to danger. (foolhardiness强调愚蠢或危险的鲁莽，不是单纯的勇敢；正确释义应包含负面含义，如不顾后果。)
使用 rashness：He made a rashness decision. → He made a rash decision. (rashness 是名词，意为“轻率”；而 rash 是形容词，意为“轻率的”。这里应用形容词 rash 修饰名词 decision。)