词汇对比与辨析
核心差别
capricious 强调形容人或事物行为、情绪或决定反复无常、多变且任性,erratic 则侧重形容行为、表现或事物不稳定、难以预测
使用场景对比
| 对比方面 | capricious | erratic |
|---|---|---|
| 核心含义 | 形容人或事物行为、情绪或决定反复无常、多变且任性,缺乏稳定性和可预测性。 | 形容行为、表现或事物不稳定、难以预测,或指行为古怪、漂泊不定的人。 |
| 词性 | 形容词 | 形容词 |
| 使用语域 | 常用于描述人或抽象概念(如天气、市场)的不可预测性,多作定语或表语,强调突然、无理由的变化。 | 主要用作形容词,描述行为、表现、模式等不稳定、不规律或难以预测,常与名词搭配使用。 |
对比例句
My cat is so capricious—one minute she wants attention, the next she ignores me.
我的猫真是反复无常——一会儿想要关注,一会儿又无视我。
The weather here is capricious; it can be sunny in the morning and rainy by noon.
这里的天气多变;早上可能阳光明媚,中午就下雨了。
His driving has become erratic lately, which worries his family.
他最近的驾驶变得很不稳定,这让他的家人很担心。
The weather in spring is often erratic, with sudden changes from sunny to rainy.
春天的天气常常不稳定,会突然从晴天变成雨天。
常见误用提醒
使用 capricious:He is capricious to change his mind often. → He is capricious, often changing his mind. (错误用法中'to change'作为不定式不自然;正确用法用现在分词短语或从句描述行为,更符合英语习惯。)
使用 capricious:The capricious weather makes me feel capricious too. → The unpredictable weather affects my mood, making me feel unsettled. ('capricious'通常不直接用于描述人的临时情绪反应;正确用法用更具体的词如'unsettled',避免重复和误用。)
使用 erratic:He is very erratic person. → He is a very erratic person. (错误在于缺少冠词'a'。'erratic'作为形容词修饰名词'person'时,需要冠词'a'来构成完整的名词短语。)