pathognomonic
用法要点
句型搭配
通常用于描述症状、体征或特征，常与介词 of 连用，表示属于某种疾病。
介词用法
主要与介词 of 搭配，表示与特定疾病的关联；也可与 for 连用，但较少见。
语域说明
这是一个高度专业化的医学术语，主要用于医学、病理学或临床讨论中，日常对话中极少使用。
基础例句
The doctor said the rash is pathognomonic of measles, so we can confirm the diagnosis.
医生说这种皮疹是麻疹的特异性体征，因此我们可以确诊。
In our first aid class, we learned that a stiff neck can be pathognomonic for meningitis.
在我们的急救课上，我们学到颈部僵硬可能是脑膜炎的特异性症状。
My friend mentioned that a certain cough is pathognomonic of whooping cough, which helped identify it early.
我朋友提到某种咳嗽是百日咳的特异性表现，这有助于早期识别。
The nurse explained that not all symptoms are pathognomonic, but some are key to quick diagnosis.
护士解释说并非所有症状都是特异性的，但有些对快速诊断至关重要。
高级例句
In the medical journal, the researchers highlighted that the presence of Koplik spots is pathognomonic for measles, aiding in differential diagnosis.
在医学期刊中，研究人员强调科氏斑的出现是麻疹的特异性体征，有助于鉴别诊断。
During the clinical trial, the pathognomonic features of the disease were carefully documented to ensure accurate patient stratification.
在临床试验期间，该疾病的特异性特征被仔细记录，以确保准确的患者分层。
The pharmaceutical report noted that identifying pathognomonic signs early can significantly improve treatment outcomes and reduce healthcare costs.
制药报告指出，早期识别特异性体征可以显著改善治疗结果并降低医疗成本。
In the academic conference, the speaker emphasized that while many symptoms overlap, only a few are truly pathognomonic for specific disorders.
在学术会议上，演讲者强调虽然许多症状有重叠，但只有少数对特定疾病是真正特异性的。
高频搭配
adjective
noun
verb
adverb
preposition
phrase
常见错误
错误在于使用了 'to diagnose'，这使句子冗余。正确用法是直接用 'pathognomonic of' 表示症状与疾病的特异性关联，因为该词本身已隐含诊断意义。
错误在于单独使用 'pathognomonic' 而没有指定关联疾病，导致含义模糊。正确用法应补充 'of' 短语来明确所指，以符合医学术语的精确性要求。
近义词辨析
diagnostic
diagnostic 更广泛，指有助于诊断的任何事物，可能包括非特异性测试或症状；而 pathognomonic 特指高度特异性、足以确诊的体征或症状。
A fever is diagnostic of infection but not pathognomonic; whereas a Koplik spot is pathognomonic of measles.
characteristic
characteristic 描述某事物典型或常见的特征，但不一定具有高度特异性；pathognomonic 则强调独一无二的特异性，几乎只与特定疾病相关。
A cough is characteristic of many respiratory illnesses, but a whooping cough sound is pathognomonic of pertussis.