metastable

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数据源: ai_enrichment
指物质或系统处于一种看似稳定但容易受微小扰动而改变的状态,常用于化学、物理和工程领域。

用法要点

句型搭配

通常用作形容词,修饰名词如状态、系统或物质,描述其亚稳特性。

• metastable state
• metastable system
• metastable phase

介词用法

常与介词'in'或'of'连用,表示处于某种亚稳状态或属于亚稳类别。

• in a metastable condition
• metastable of the material

语域说明

主要用于学术和技术语境,如科学论文、工程报告,日常对话中较少使用。

• metastable equilibrium
• metastable transition

基础例句

The supersaturated solution is metastable and can crystallize suddenly.

这种过饱和溶液处于亚稳态,可能会突然结晶。

In physics class, we learned about metastable states in atomic systems.

在物理课上,我们学习了原子系统中的亚稳态。

The glass is a metastable solid that can flow over very long times.

玻璃是一种亚稳态固体,在极长时间内会流动。

高级例句

The metastable phase of the alloy was analyzed using X-ray diffraction to understand its thermal stability.

通过X射线衍射分析了合金的亚稳相,以了解其热稳定性。

In materials engineering, controlling metastable structures is crucial for enhancing product durability.

在材料工程中,控制亚稳结构对于提高产品耐久性至关重要。

The research paper discusses how impurities can induce metastable states in semiconductor devices.

这篇研究论文讨论了杂质如何在半导体器件中诱导亚稳态。

高频搭配

adjective

metastable statemetastable phasemetastable conditionmetastable systemmetastable equilibrium

verb

become metastableremain metastabletransition from metastablestabilize a metastable

noun

metastabilitymetastable regionmetastable pointmetastable form

adverb

highly metastablerelatively metastabletemporarily metastable

preposition

in metastableof metastablefrom metastable to stable

phrase

metastable state of mattermetastable under pressuremetastable due to impurities

常见错误

❌ 错误:The system is very stable, it's metastable.
✓ 正确:The system is metastable, not truly stable.

错误在于将'metastable'与'stable'混淆。'metastable'表示亚稳,即看似稳定但易变,应直接描述为亚稳状态,避免与完全稳定混用。

❌ 错误:This is a metastable for a long time.
✓ 正确:This remains metastable for a long time.

错误在于将形容词'metastable'误用作名词。正确用法是作为形容词修饰名词,或与动词如'remain'连用表示状态持续。

近义词辨析

unstable

'unstable'指完全不稳定、易迅速改变,而'metastable'指暂时稳定但受扰动后会变化,强调一种中间状态。

The compound is unstable and decomposes quickly, whereas the glass is metastable and lasts for years.

transient

'transient'强调短暂或临时存在,而'metastable'更侧重于状态在特定条件下持久但非永久,常用于科学描述。

The transient phase disappeared in seconds, but the metastable phase persisted under controlled conditions.